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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
09:25

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

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Oriented Attachment: From Natural Crystal Growth to a Materials Engineering Tool.

Bastiaan B V Salzmann1, Maaike M van der Sluijs1, Giuseppe Soligno1

  • 1Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Oriented attachment allows small crystals to align and fuse into larger single crystals, driven by a reduction in surface energy. This process is crucial for creating complex crystalline structures and advanced materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Crystal growth typically visualized as atom-by-atom accretion.
  • Oriented attachment offers an alternative mechanism where pre-existing crystals merge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore oriented attachment as a crystal growth mechanism.
  • To understand the thermodynamic driving forces behind oriented attachment.
  • To review its application in synthesizing specific material architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of colloidal suspensions and nanocrystal systems.
  • Investigation of charge-stabilized and ligand-capped nanocrystals.
  • In situ wave scattering and (S)TEM studies.
  • Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Results:

  • Oriented attachment reduces system surface energy by merging crystals.
  • Facet selectivity in ligand-capped nanocrystals enables controlled growth.
  • Demonstrated synthesis of specific geometries using PbSe and CdSe nanocrystals.

Conclusions:

  • Oriented attachment is a significant crystal growth pathway.
  • It offers precise control over material architecture and properties.
  • Further research using advanced imaging and simulation is ongoing.