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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
276
Mechanical Systems01:22

Mechanical Systems

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Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Bioinspired Soft Robot with Incorporated Microelectrodes
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Body Temperature-Triggered Mechanical Instabilities for High-Speed Soft Robots.

Josef M Stadlbauer1,2, Wolfgang Haderer1, Ingrid Graz1

  • 1Division of Soft Matter Physics, Institute for Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.

Soft Robotics
|January 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel elastomer actuator inspired by nature. This purely mechanical device uses temperature changes to achieve ultrafast, large deformations, offering a safe and efficient alternative for various applications.

Keywords:
body temperatureelastomer balloon actuatorhigh-speed actuationphase transitionsnap-through instabilitytemperature-triggered

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetics and Mechanical Engineering
  • Soft Robotics and Actuation

Background:

  • Nature utilizes mechanical instabilities, like snap buckling in plants, for rapid movement.
  • Exploiting these instabilities offers potential for advanced actuator designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design an ultrafast, purely mechanical elastomer actuator inspired by snap-through and snap-back instability in rubber balloons.
  • To develop a safe actuation method avoiding harmful stimulants or high voltages.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized temperature-induced liquid/gas phase transition of a volatile fluid to trigger elastomer instability.
  • Engineered a model actuator system for experimental validation and theoretical comparison.

Main Results:

  • Achieved large deformations of up to 300% area expansion.
  • Demonstrated ultrafast response times in the millisecond range.
  • Showcased actuation triggered by minor temperature changes, such as human touch.

Conclusions:

  • The developed elastomer actuator offers a safe, efficient, and rapid actuation mechanism.
  • Provides design rules and operational insights for future applications.
  • Potential applications include object sorting and human-machine interfaces.