Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
Published on: September 19, 2017
Bulges in left-handed G-quadruplexes
Poulomi Das1, Khac Huy Ngo1, Fernaldo Richtia Winnerdy1
1School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
Abstract:
G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures with a left-handed backbone progression have unique and conserved structural features. Studies on sequence dependency of the structures revealed the prerequisites and some minimal motifs required for left-handed G4 formation. To extend the boundaries, we explore the adaptability of left-handed G4s towards the existence of bulges. Here we present two X-ray crystal structures and an NMR solution structure of left-handed G4s accommodating one, two and three bulges. Bulges in left-handed G4s show distinct characteristics as compared to those in right-handed G4s. The elucidation of intricate structural details will help in understanding the possible roles and limitations of these unique structures.
Related Concept Videos
DNA Helicases
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins
Globular and Fibrous Proteins
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins
DNA Topoisomerases
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
Mismatch Repair
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...

