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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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Bulges in left-handed G-quadruplexes.

Poulomi Das1, Khac Huy Ngo1, Fernaldo Richtia Winnerdy1

  • 1School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.

Nucleic Acids Research
|January 27, 2021
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Summary

Left-handed G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures can accommodate bulges, revealing unique structural characteristics distinct from right-handed G4s. These findings enhance our understanding of G4 adaptability and limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Left-handed G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures possess unique conserved features.
  • Previous studies identified sequence prerequisites and minimal motifs for their formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adaptability of left-handed G4s to bulges.
  • To elucidate the structural characteristics of left-handed G4s with bulges.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography to determine two crystal structures.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to obtain one solution structure.

Main Results:

  • Left-handed G4 structures accommodating one, two, and three bulges were characterized.
  • Bulges in left-handed G4s exhibit distinct features compared to those in right-handed G4s.

Conclusions:

  • The structural details of bulges in left-handed G4s provide insights into their unique properties.
  • Understanding these intricate structures helps define the roles and limitations of left-handed G4s.