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Ultrasound Imaging of Cervical Anatomic Variants
Michael Cordes1, Stephan Coerper2, Torsten Kuwert1
1Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany.
Current Medical Imaging
|January 28, 2021
Summary
Ultrasound effectively detects thyroid and parathyroid developmental variants, including ectopic tissues and neck cysts. Accurate interpretation of these cervical anomalies is crucial for diagnosis and preoperative planning.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Embryology
- Genetics
Background:
- Thyroid and parathyroid embryologic variants can lead to cervical anomalies.
- Molecular genetic factors are identified for some developmental variants.
- Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for detecting these anomalies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review ultrasound characteristics of developmental variants of thyroid and parathyroid glands.
- To summarize findings on ectopic thymus and neck cysts.
- To develop quantitative measures for these variants.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of literature and case findings.
- Analysis of ultrasound characteristics.
- Development of quantitative measures.
Main Results:
- Developmental anomalies often present as cysts, with median neck cysts being most common (7% prevalence).
- Ectopic thyroid tissue occurs in the neck midline (1:100,000–300,000 prevalence), with lingual thyroid being 90% of cases.
- Zuckerkandl tubercles (ZTs) are found in 55% of thyroid lobes; prominent ZTs are linked to autoimmune thyroiditis.
Conclusions:
- Accurate ultrasound interpretation of cervical anomalies is essential for clinical diagnosis.
- Ultrasound is indispensable for preoperative assessment of these variants.
- Understanding these variants improves diagnostic accuracy and patient management.
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