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Effect of alcohol consumption on kidney function: population-based cohort study.

Yu-Ji Lee1, Seong Cho2, Sung Rok Kim2

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 158, Paryong-ro, Masanhoewon-gu, Changwon, 51353, Republic of Korea. yuji.lee@samsung.com.

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Summary

Moderate alcohol consumption may protect kidney function, showing a lesser decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over 12 years compared to non-drinkers. This association was observed in a large Korean population study.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The relationship between alcohol consumption and kidney function is complex and yields conflicting results in existing research.
  • Understanding how different levels of alcohol intake impact long-term kidney health is crucial for public health guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between varying levels of alcohol consumption and the longitudinal change in kidney function over a 12-year period.
  • To analyze the impact of alcohol intake on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a general population cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from a population-based cohort within the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.
  • Categorization of participants based on total alcohol intake: non-drinkers, 0 to <10 g/day, 10 to <30 g/day, and ≥30 g/day.
  • Longitudinal assessment of kidney function decline over 12 years, using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as the primary outcome measure.

Main Results:

  • Higher alcohol intake was associated with a lesser reduction in eGFR over 12 years compared to non-drinkers.
  • Significant associations were observed for intake levels of 10 to <30 g/day (beta: 1.87) and ≥30 g/day (beta: 3.08).
  • The protective association was attenuated in women, smokers, and individuals aged 60 years and older. More frequent and binge drinking also showed association with lesser eGFR reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol consumption, particularly at moderate to higher intake levels, may be associated with a slower decline in kidney function in the general population.
  • Findings suggest a potentially favorable effect of alcohol on kidney function, though nuances exist across different demographics and drinking patterns.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and confirm these findings in diverse populations.