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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
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EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
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Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
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Exploring the hyperpolarisation of EGTA-based ligands using SABRE.

Ben J Tickner1, Yulia Borozdina, Simon B Duckett

  • 1Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, UK. simon.duckett@york.ac.uk.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|January 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel molecules for enhanced Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging by utilizing parahydrogen-based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization. These agents show significant signal improvements, paving the way for new diagnostic tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular design for medical imaging
  • Hyperpolarization techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Background:

  • Non-invasive functional Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging requires sensitive probes.
  • Hyperpolarization techniques significantly enhance MR signal sensitivity for low-concentration imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and investigate EGTA-derived molecules for SABRE hyperpolarization.
  • To explore how molecular structure and reaction conditions affect hyperpolarization efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-derived molecules with pyridyl groups.
  • Application of parahydrogen-based signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) for hyperpolarization.
  • Investigation of linker group identity, catalyst, and co-ligand effects on signal enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Achieved up to 160-fold 1H NMR signal enhancements.
  • Demonstrated that EGTA and pyridine proximity and linker identity influence SABRE hyperpolarization.
  • Identified key design elements for effective SABRE hyperpolarization agents.

Conclusions:

  • EGTA-derived molecules can be effectively hyperpolarized using SABRE.
  • Optimized molecular design and reaction conditions are crucial for maximizing signal enhancement.
  • These findings provide a foundation for developing novel MR probes for detecting metal ions in vivo.