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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Advances in Female Germ Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Maisumu Gulimiheranmu1, Xinjie Wang1, Junmei Zhou1

  • 1Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1400 Beijing Road West, Shanghai 200040, China.

Stem Cells International
|January 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review explores differentiating female germ cells from pluripotent stem cells to understand early development and aid fertility preservation. Challenges remain in achieving functional human female germ cell derivation in vitro.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Science

Background:

  • Female germ cells are crucial for species continuity, developing through embryonic stages.
  • Limitations in using human embryos necessitate in vitro models for studying early germ cell development.
  • Ovarian aging and damage lead to reduced fertility, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major studies on differentiating mouse and human female germ cells from pluripotent stem cells.
  • To elucidate the developmental mechanisms of female germ cells.
  • To explore potential therapeutic applications for fertility preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on in vitro differentiation of female germ cells from pluripotent stem cells.
  • Comparative analysis of mouse and human female germ cell differentiation protocols.
  • Examination of studies addressing developmental mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • Successful in vitro reconstruction of mouse female germ cells leading to live offspring.
  • Ongoing technical and ethical challenges in deriving functional human female germ cells.
  • Pluripotent stem cell differentiation offers a model to study early germ cell development.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is a promising avenue for studying female germ cell development.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and achieve functional human female germ cell derivation.
  • This approach holds potential for fertility preservation and understanding reproductive biology.