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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
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Risk Factors, Screening, and Treatment Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Native Septic Arthritis.

Valerie C Gobao1, Mostafa Alfishawy2, Clair Smith3

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|January 29, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis is increasingly linked to injection drug use amid the opioid epidemic. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening shows utility in diagnosing MRSA infections.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusnative septic arthritisopioid epidemic

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a primary cause of native septic arthritis.
  • Few studies address S. aureus septic arthritis during the US opioid epidemic.
  • The diagnostic role of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal screening remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors and outcomes for S. aureus native septic arthritis.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of MRSA screening in diagnosing S. aureus septic arthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of native septic arthritis patients (2012-2016).
  • Comparison of demographics, risk factors, and outcomes between S. aureus and other septic arthritis pathogens.
  • Assessment of MRSA screening sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.

Main Results:

  • S. aureus was identified in 64% of 215 native septic arthritis cases.
  • S. aureus infection was associated with injection drug use (OR, 4.33) and antibiotic switching (OR, 3.92).
  • MRSA screening demonstrated high specificity (0.96) and positive predictive value (0.85) for MRSA septic arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • The opioid epidemic may be shifting septic arthritis demographics towards younger, healthier individuals.
  • Injection drug use is a significant risk factor for S. aureus septic arthritis.
  • MRSA screening can be a valuable tool for ruling in MRSA native septic arthritis.