A practical example of exploratory factor analysis and critical realism.

Area of Science:

• Philosophy of Science
• Ontological Research
• Mixed-Methods Research

Background:

• Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) offers a method to integrate ontological levels within critical realism.
• This approach aligns with frameworks proposed in Summers (2020).

Purpose of the Study:

• To define components of the actual by linking empirical factors to theoretical generative mechanisms.
• To illustrate the application of EFA in connecting abstract concepts to observable data.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a sequential mixed-methods study design.
• Employed EFA to analyze empirical data against theorized generative mechanisms.
• Investigated three generative mechanisms: perceived impact of continuing professional development (CPD) on patient care, motivations for CPD, and perceived barriers to CPD.

Main Results:

• EFA successfully linked empirical factors to theoretical generative mechanisms.
• Identified components of the actual were multifactorial.
• Demonstrated that empirical factors are influenced by diverse generative mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• EFA provides a robust method for defining components of the actual.
• Successfully linked theoretical generative mechanisms with empirical evidence.
• Highlights the utility of articulating and linking ontological aspects to bridge theory and practice.