The complex network of mTOR signalling in the heart

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Molecular Signaling
• Cellular Metabolism

Background:

• The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates signals regulating cellular growth and metabolism.
• mTOR exists in two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, with distinct roles.
• mTOR signaling is vital for cardiovascular development and stress adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of mTOR in the cardiovascular system.
• To discuss mTOR's involvement in cardiac adaptation and maladaptation to stress.
• To explore mTOR modulation as a therapeutic strategy for cardiac diseases.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on mTOR signaling in cardiovascular contexts.
• Analysis of data from gain- and loss-of-function animal models.
• Synthesis of findings related to basal and stressed cardiac conditions.

Main Results:

• mTORC1 and mTORC2 are essential for normal cardiac development and adaptation.
• Persistent, deregulated mTORC1 activation is detrimental during cardiac stress.
• mTORC1 dysregulation contributes to cardiac remodeling and cardiomyopathies.

Conclusions:

• mTOR plays a dual role in the cardiovascular system, promoting adaptation but causing harm when dysregulated.
• Targeting mTOR pathways offers potential therapeutic avenues for treating cardiac diseases.
• Further research into mTOR modulation is warranted for cardiovascular disease management.