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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Voltammetry: Stripping Methods01:13

Voltammetry: Stripping Methods

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Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV), and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV) are electrochemical techniques used to determine trace amounts of analytes in solution. These methods involve applying a potential to an electrode and measuring the resulting current.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)
ASV is used to determine metals and metalloids at trace levels. It involves two steps: deposition and stripping. First, a negative potential is applied to the...
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Electrocoagulation-electrooxidation for mitigating trace organic compounds in model drinking water sources.

Donald R Ryan1, Emily K Maher1, Joe Heffron1

  • 1Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering Marquette University Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.

Chemosphere
|January 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sequential electrocoagulation-electrooxidation (EC-EO) effectively removes trace organic compounds from surface water by reducing dissolved organic carbon. While EC-EO showed no improvement for groundwater, it enhanced EO efficiency and energy savings in surface water treatment.

Keywords:
Advanced oxidation process (AOP)Benzalkonium chlorideBoron-doped diamondElectrical energy per order (E(EO))Electrochemical water treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • In-situ water treatment utilizes electrochemical methods like electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO).
  • EC generates coagulants, while EO produces oxidants (e.g., chlorine) using boron-doped diamond electrodes.
  • Sequential EC-EO can enhance EO efficacy by removing oxidant scavengers in dissolved organic carbon (DOC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sequential EC-EO for mitigating trace organic compounds (TOrCs) in model groundwaters and surface waters.
  • To compare the performance of sequential EC-EO against EC-only and EO-only treatments.
  • To assess the impact of DOC on TOrC removal and the energy efficiency of the processes.

Main Methods:

  • Model groundwaters and surface waters were treated using EO-only, EC-only, and sequential EC-EO.
  • The removal of acyclovir (ACY), trimethoprim (TMP), and benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride (BAC-C10) was quantified.
  • Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and electrical energy per order (EEO) were measured.

Main Results:

  • EO-only removed >70% ACY and TMP but negligible BAC-C10 in groundwater.
  • In surface water, EO-only removed 55-75% BAC-C10 but less ACY and TMP (20-55%) due to DOC interference.
  • Sequential EC-EO removed 74% DOC from surface water, improving ACY, TMP, and BAC-C10 removal by factors of 3.4, 1.7, and 1.4, respectively, and enhancing energy efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Sequential EC-EO significantly improves TOrC removal and energy efficiency in surface water treatment by reducing DOC.
  • The benefits of EC pre-treatment were not observed for ACY and TMP removal in model groundwater.
  • BAC-C10 removal in groundwater was likely due to particle separation rather than electrochemical processes.