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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Daniel D Lee1, Kathryn W Lee2, Edwin F Williams1,3,4
1Division of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York.
Facial plastic surgeons can achieve excellent midface rejuvenation results by understanding aging anatomy and employing a refined set of surgical interventions. This article outlines an effective patient approach and surgical algorithm.
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