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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Gerobiotics: probiotics targeting fundamental aging processes.

Ying-Chieh Tsai1, Li-Hao Cheng2, Yen-Wenn Liu1

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health
|February 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Introducing "gerobiotics," probiotics that target aging mechanisms to extend health span. This new field aims to prevent age-related diseases by attenuating fundamental aging processes, improving longevity.

Keywords:
anti-agingbiomarkersgerobioticsgeroscienceprobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Geroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging is a primary risk factor for chronic diseases and functional decline.
  • Geroscience investigates the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging, proposing that targeting aging hallmarks can prevent age-related diseases and extend health span.
  • Probiotics show promise for maintaining health and quality of life in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the term "gerobiotics" for probiotic strains, postbiotics, and para-probiotics that beneficially attenuate aging mechanisms.
  • To highlight the need for a distinct term beyond "anti-aging probiotics" to accurately represent these interventions.
  • To review the current research, development, biomarkers, and future steps for gerobiotic products.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual framework development.
  • Analysis of existing geroscience research and probiotic applications.
  • Proposal of a new classification for aging-targeted microbial interventions.

Main Results:

  • The term "gerobiotics" is proposed to encompass probiotics, postbiotics, and para-probiotics targeting fundamental aging mechanisms.
  • Gerobiotics aim to reduce physiological aging and expand health span.
  • A comprehensive discussion on the rationale for this new term and its distinction from "anti-aging probiotics" is provided.

Conclusions:

  • Gerobiotics represent a promising intervention strategy for improving human health span and longevity.
  • Further preclinical and clinical research is essential to validate the efficacy of gerobiotic products.
  • The development of gerobiotics aligns with the geroscience hypothesis of targeting aging hallmarks for broad health benefits.