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A fully transparent, flexible PEDOT:PSS-ITO-Ag-ITO based microelectrode array for ECoG recording.

Weiyang Yang1, Yan Gong, Cheng-You Yao

  • 1The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. yangweiy@msu.edu.

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Researchers developed transparent, flexible microelectrodes for neural interfaces. These advanced microscale electrocorticogram (μECoG) arrays improve signal recording during optogenetic studies, enhancing brain circuit investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Integrative neural interfaces are crucial for studying brain structure and function.
  • Existing transparent microelectrodes often lack a combination of desired properties like flexibility and conductivity.
  • Optogenetics and neural imaging demand advanced electrode materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop ultra-flexible, highly conductive, and fully transparent microelectrode arrays for neural interfaces.
  • To overcome limitations of conventional transparent microelectrodes.
  • To enable simultaneous optical stimulation and electrical recording in neural circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of microscale electrocorticogram (μECoG) electrode arrays using a PEDOT:PSS-ITO-Ag-ITO assembly on parylene C films.
  • Characterization of optical transmission, electrochemical impedance, and charge storage capacitance.
  • Mechanical testing including peeling, bending, and Young's modulus measurements.
  • In vivo electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized rats.

Main Results:

  • The PEDOT:PSS-ITO-Ag-ITO assembly demonstrated enhanced light transmission (∼14%) and significantly reduced electrochemical impedance (91.25%).
  • Increased charge storage capacitance (1229.78 μC cm⁻²) and improved mechanical flexibility and robustness were confirmed.
  • High signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (∼35-36 dB) were achieved during photostimulation, indicating resilience to artifacts.
  • Successful in vivo recording of light-evoked ECoG oscillations from the rat's primary visual cortex.

Conclusions:

  • The developed μECoG electrode arrays offer a superior combination of transparency, flexibility, and conductivity for advanced neural interfaces.
  • These electrodes are suitable for integrative neuroscience applications, including simultaneous optogenetics and electrophysiology.
  • The findings pave the way for more effective tools to study neural circuit dynamics.