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Atomic/molecular layer deposition for energy storage and conversion.

Yang Zhao1, Lei Zhang, Jian Liu

  • 1Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. xsun9@uwo.ca.

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) are advanced thin-film techniques crucial for enhancing energy storage and conversion devices. These methods enable precise surface engineering for improved performance in batteries, solar cells, and more.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Energy storage and conversion systems are critical for reducing fossil fuel dependence and advancing electric vehicles.
  • Optimizing electrode materials through surface and interface engineering is essential for device performance.
  • Traditional fabrication methods often lack the precision required for advanced energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the development and applications of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD) in energy storage and conversion.
  • To explore the fundamental mechanisms underlying ALD/MLD in various energy devices.
  • To discuss the scalability and future potential of ALD and MLD for novel energy materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ALD and MLD techniques.
  • Analysis of ALD/MLD applications in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting.
  • Discussion of the self-limiting, saturated surface reactions characteristic of ALD and MLD.

Main Results:

  • ALD and MLD offer precise control over film thickness, uniformity, conformity, and composition.
  • These techniques enable significant performance enhancements in diverse energy storage and conversion devices.
  • Remarkable progress has been achieved in applying ALD and MLD over the past few decades.

Conclusions:

  • ALD and MLD are powerful tools for surface and interface engineering in energy technologies.
  • These methods are vital for developing next-generation energy storage and conversion materials and devices.
  • Future research should focus on new material design and exploring untapped opportunities using ALD/MLD.