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Structural neural correlates of individual differences in categorical perception.

Pamela Fuhrmeister1, Emily B Myers1

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Brain and Language
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Summary

Typical adults show individual differences in categorical speech perception. Brain structure, specifically the right middle frontal gyrus, influences how categorically individuals perceive speech sounds.

Keywords:
Brain structureCategorical perceptionIndividual differencesSpeech perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Speech Perception

Background:

  • Listeners perceive speech sounds categorically.
  • Individual differences in categorical perception exist in typical adults.
  • Neural correlates of this variability are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neural sources of individual variability in categorical speech perception.
  • Relate brain structure to behavioral measures of categoricity and response consistency.
  • Examine the role of frontal and temporal lobe structures.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-seven participants completed behavioral tasks assessing speech sound categorization.
  • Phonetic tokens were rated on a visual analogue scale.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure brain structure (surface area, gyrification).

Main Results:

  • Increased surface area in the right middle frontal gyrus predicted more categorical perception of a fricative continuum.
  • Greater gyrification in bilateral transverse temporal gyri predicted less consistent responses.
  • These findings link specific brain regions to individual differences in speech perception.

Conclusions:

  • Frontal regions are sensitive to phonetic category-level information and predict individual behavior.
  • Variations in temporal lobe gyrification may reflect subtle differences in language ability.
  • This study provides insights into the neural basis of individual variability in speech perception.