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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.
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Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
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Pharmacokinetics is a vital branch of pharmacology that examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Two key methodologies in pharmacokinetics are plasma drug concentration studies and urinary drug excretion analyses, both of which provide critical insights into a drug's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Plasma Drug Concentration-Time StudiesPlasma drug concentration-time studies involve analyzing blood samples at specific intervals to quantify...
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Methods for quantification of cannabinoids: a narrative review.

Masoumeh Pourseyed Lazarjani1, Stephanie Torres1,2, Thom Hooker3

  • 1Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate quantification of cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) is crucial for pharmaceutical applications. High-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is identified as the optimal method for cannabinoid analysis.

Keywords:
AnalyticalCBDCannabinoidsCannabisQuantificationTHC

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • Over 144 cannabinoids exist in cannabis, with THC and CBD being most prevalent.
  • Legal restrictions hinder access to cannabis standards for research.
  • Developing reliable cannabinoid quantification is vital for pharmaceutical quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and identify optimal analytical techniques for cannabinoid quantification.
  • To address the need for precise methods in the context of medicinal cannabis research and development.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of scientific literature was conducted.
  • Searches utilized keywords: medicinal cannabis, analytical, quantification, and cannabinoids.
  • Databases included PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library.

Main Results:

  • Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are common quantification techniques.
  • GC excels at terpene quantification but requires derivatization for acidic cannabinoids.
  • HPLC can quantify both acidic and neutral cannabinoids without derivatization, often using MS or UV detectors.

Conclusions:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is the recommended method for cannabinoid quantification.
  • This technique offers superior accuracy and comprehensive analysis for pharmaceutical applications.