Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 19, 2025
12:03
Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
Published on: June 7, 2016
18.2K
[The renin-angiotensin system and the brain]
M Molina-Van den Bosch1, C Jacobs-Cachá1, A Vergara1
1Grup de Nefrología, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Servei de Nefrología, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, España.
Hipertension Y Riesgo Vascular
|February 2, 2021
Summary
The brain
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) traditionally studied in cardiovascular and renal systems, also impacts peripheral organs.
- Brain RAAS influences systemic blood pressure via the sympathetic nervous system.
- Two key RAAS pathways, ACE/AngII/AT1 and ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR, modulate sympathetic response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review central mechanisms of the RAAS in blood pressure regulation.
- To explore the brain RAAS's paracrine functions.
- To describe the brain RAAS's role in neuroprotection and cognition.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of central RAAS mechanisms.
- Analysis of RAAS pathways in the brain.
- Examination of RAAS involvement in neuroprotection and cognitive functions.
Main Results:
- Imbalance in ACE/AngII/AT1 and ACE2/Ang(1-7)/MasR axes promotes neurogenic hypertension.
- The brain-specific aminopeptidase/angiotensin IV/angiotensin 4 receptor (AMN/Ang IV/AT4) axis affects cerebral microvasculature.
- Central RAAS influences cognition, memory, and learning.
Conclusions:
- Central RAAS plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure.
- Brain RAAS has significant paracrine functions impacting neuroprotection and cognition.
- Understanding central RAAS pathways is crucial for addressing neurogenic hypertension and related vascular pathologies.
Related Concept Videos
01:33Hormonal Regulation
35.0K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
35.0K
01:30Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
2.0K
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
2.0K
01:18Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure
6.0K
The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
6.0K
01:25Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors
1.0K
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
1.0K
01:29Hypertension II: Pathophysiology
333
Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
333
01:17Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure
5.2K
Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
5.2K