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Related Concept Videos

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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Impact of Social Context on Individuals01:21

Impact of Social Context on Individuals

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Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...
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Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Mask Use During COVID-19: A Social-Ecological Analysis.

Allison R Casola1, Brianna Kunes1, Amy Cunningham1

  • 1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Health Promotion Practice
|February 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The decision to wear face masks during COVID-19 is complex, influenced by societal, community, and personal factors. Understanding these influences is key for effective public health messaging during health crises.

Keywords:
crisis and emergency risk communication for pandemic influenzahealth promotiontheory

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Sciences
  • Health Behavior

Background:

  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended face mask use to curb COVID-19 transmission.
  • Individual mask-wearing decisions are influenced by a complex interplay of factors beyond simple recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the decision-making process of wearing face masks using a social-ecological framework.
  • To identify multifactorial influences on mask-wearing adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of societal, interpersonal, community, and intrapersonal factors.
  • Examination of influences such as public health mandates, cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and personal attitudes.

Main Results:

  • Mask-wearing decisions are multifaceted, impacted by government mandates, racism, cultural norms, income, age, and personal beliefs.
  • Social-ecological factors significantly shape individual choices regarding mask usage.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse influences on mask-wearing is crucial for developing inclusive public health communication strategies.
  • Effective messaging for current and future public health emergencies must address these multifactorial determinants of behavior.