Novel materials as capillary coatings for in-tube solid-phase microextraction for bioanalysis.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Separation Science
• Bioanalysis

Background:

• In-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a powerful sample preparation technique.
• It has been continuously developed since its introduction in 1997.
• Advancements focus on direct coupling with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent developments in in-tube SPME extraction devices.
• To highlight applications of in-tube SPME in bioanalysis.
• To discuss novel stationary phases and capillary designs.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing various capillary formats (open tubular, packed, monolithic, fiber-packed).
• Employing diverse selective stationary phases (monoliths, nanoparticles, polymers, ionic liquids, etc.).
• Direct coupling with state-of-the-art HPLC instrumentation.

Main Results:

• Developed capillaries and selective stationary phases enhance SPME performance (sorption capacity, selectivity).
• Successful application in analyzing diverse biological samples (serum, plasma, blood, urine, saliva).
• Applications include therapeutic drug monitoring, biomarker studies, drug detection, metabolomics, and exposure assessment.

Conclusions:

• In-tube SPME is a versatile and evolving technique for bioanalysis.
• Novel materials and device designs significantly improve analytical capabilities.
• This method is crucial for various clinical and forensic applications.