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In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis
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Radiological and chemical risks by waste scales generated in the titanium dioxide industry
M J Gazquez1, J Mantero2, F Mosqueda3
1Department of Applied Physics, University of Cadiz, University Marine Research Institute (INMAR) Cadiz, 11510, Spain.
Chemosphere
|February 2, 2021
Summary
Industrial scales from titanium dioxide production contain natural radionuclides and heavy metals. Routine worker exposure is minimal, but maintenance personnel may require special monitoring due to potential NORM exposure.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Industrial Chemistry
- Radiological Protection
Background:
- Titanium dioxide production generates residues enriched in natural radionuclides and pollutants.
- Internal pipe scales are identified as radiological anomalies requiring characterization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To mineralogically, elementally, and radiometrically characterize industrial scales.
- To assess occupational and public radiological and toxicological risks.
Main Methods:
- Mineralogical analysis using X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
- Elemental composition and morphology via X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
- Radiometric measurements using gamma-ray and alpha-particle spectrometry.
Main Results:
- Characterization of scale composition, including radium isotopes and lead.
- Radiological dose assessment for workers under conventional activities.
- Identification of potential risks for maintenance personnel.
Conclusions:
- Radiological doses for workers in routine tasks are below 1 mSv/y.
- Maintenance workers removing scales may require enhanced dosimetric and chemical controls.
- Findings are crucial for managing NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material) in industrial settings.
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