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Biofilms

Biofilms

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...

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Updated: Nov 19, 2025

Methods for Characterizing the Co-development of Biofilm and Habitat Heterogeneity

Methods for Characterizing the Co-development of Biofilm and Habitat Heterogeneity

Published on: March 11, 2015

Diffusion profiles in L. lactis biofilms under different conditions.

Jonas Chodorski¹, Jan Hauth², Dorina Strieth¹

¹Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering TU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany.

Engineering in Life Sciences

|February 3, 2021

Summary

Diffusion in Lactococcus lactis biofilms is poorly understood. This study monitored biofilm diffusion constants, revealing that flow rate and pH significantly impact diffusion, offering new insights into biofilm structure and density.

Keywords:

FRAP Lactococcus lactis biofilm diffusion flow‐cell

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biophysics
Biochemical Engineering

Background:

Diffusion within biofilms is critical for understanding microbial community dynamics and nutrient/waste transport.
Limited knowledge exists regarding how external factors influence diffusion properties in microbial biofilms.
Lactococcus lactis biofilms are relevant in food science and biotechnology, yet their internal transport phenomena are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and quantify diffusion constants across the height of emerging Lactococcus lactis biofilms.
To determine the effects of varying flow rates and pH levels on biofilm diffusion characteristics.
To explore spatial variations in diffusion within the biofilm matrix.

Main Methods:

Utilized custom-made flow-cells to cultivate and monitor Lactococcus lactis biofilms.
Employed techniques to record diffusion constants across the biofilm height.
Varied experimental conditions including flow rate and pH to assess their impact.

Main Results:

Biofilm diffusion behavior varied significantly with changes in flow rate and pH.
Increased flow rate led to slower diffusion within the biofilm compared to lower flow rates.
Elevated pH promoted faster biofilm growth with minimal changes in diffusion compared to reference conditions.
Observed positional differences in diffusion rates within the flow-cell.

Conclusions:

External factors such as flow rate and pH critically influence the structure and density of Lactococcus lactis biofilms.
The developed method reliably measures diffusion in biofilms up to 120 μm thickness.
This research provides novel insights into the biophysical properties of microbial biofilms and their environmental responses.