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Use of joinpoint regressions to evaluate changes over time in conscript height.

José Manuel Terán1, Elena Sánchez-García1, José-Miguel Martínez-Carrión2

  • 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain.

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Summary

Adult height trends in Madrid reveal significant disparities linked to socio-economic status. Joinpoint analysis identified periods where these inequalities intensified, particularly during Spain's historical turmoil.

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Area of Science:

  • Human biology
  • Anthropometry
  • Socio-economic impact on health

Background:

  • Cohort variation in adult height reflects socio-economic changes and inequalities.
  • Analyzing historical height data can reveal long-term biological and social trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply joinpoint regression analysis to identify statistically significant changes in adult height trends.
  • To investigate socio-economic disparities in adult height in Madrid between 1915 and 1953.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized height data from 65,313 male conscripts in Madrid (1936-1974).
  • Employed joinpoint regression and quadratic regression to analyze secular height trends across districts categorized by socio-economic status.
  • Compared trends between lower-class and middle-/upper-class districts.

Main Results:

  • Adult height increased in all socio-economic groups, with greater gains in lower-class districts.
  • Height trends differed significantly by district, showing steady increases in middle-/upper-class areas.
  • Lower-class districts experienced slower height increases and declines during the Spanish Civil War and early Franco regime.

Conclusions:

  • Joinpoint analysis effectively identified shifts in height trends related to socio-economic conditions.
  • Urban living conditions and socio-economic factors significantly influenced adult height trajectories.
  • Height disparities intensified during critical historical periods in Spain, highlighting the impact of social inequalities on human biology.