Perceptions of Deep Brain Stimulation for Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The present study aims to understand perceptions of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adolescents among two groups: parents of children with a history of OCD and adults with a history of OCD. Two hundred sixty participants completed a questionnaire exploring their treatment history, relevant symptom severity, DBS knowledge, and DBS attitudes using an acceptability scale and a series of statements indicating levels of willingness or reluctance to consider DBS for adolescents with severe OCD or severe epilepsy. Overall, participants found DBS to be fairly acceptable for adolescents with severe OCD, with 63% reporting at least 7/10 on a 0-10 acceptability Likert scale. Respondents were more willing to consider DBS for epilepsy than for OCD. Several factors were associated with greater willingness to consider DBS for OCD, including familiarity with DBS, the presence of suicidal thoughts, assurances of daily functioning improvements, and assurances of substantial symptom reduction. Concerns about safety, personality changes, and long-term effects on the body were associated with greatest reluctance to consider DBS for OCD. Our findings support the importance of increasing parents' familiarity with DBS, monitoring factors participants identified as most important to their DBS perceptions in future DBS research, and communicating benefits and risks clearly. We also highlight the need for further research on perceptions of DBS for severe and refractory OCD in adolescents.