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Summary

Melatonin, a conserved biological signal, acts as a darkness indicator and possesses antitumor properties. Its suppression by light at night is linked to increased cancer risk, highlighting its crucial role in cancer prevention.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Melatonin is a conserved indoleamine with antioxidant and chronobiotic functions.
  • It is produced by the pineal gland and extrapineal sources, acting as a darkness signal.
  • Light at night suppresses melatonin, a factor linked to increased cancer incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of pineal and extrapineal melatonin in cancer incidence, development, and progression.
  • To explore the interplay between different melatonin sources in cancer.
  • To emphasize melatonin's antitumor mechanisms, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and novel roles in microbiota and epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of melatonin's role in cancer.
  • Analysis of epidemiological studies linking light at night and cancer.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms of melatonin's antitumor activity.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin exhibits significant antitumor effects through various mechanisms.
  • Circadian disruption and melatonin suppression are associated with higher cancer risk.
  • Melatonin's influence extends to microbiota and epigenetic regulation in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin, from both pineal and extrapineal sources, is a critical intrinsic factor in cancer prevention and progression.
  • Understanding melatonin's multifaceted roles is essential for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • Further research into melatonin's interaction with microbiota and epigenetics holds promise for cancer treatment.