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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Circadian system and aging: where both times interact.

Claudia García Cobarro1, Lara Ignez Soares1, Yevheniy Kutsenko1

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Circadian rhythms, or daily biological cycles, deteriorate with age, impacting healthspan. Restoring these rhythms may offer strategies to promote healthy aging and resilience.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Time influences life through aging and biological rhythms, leading to the concept of circadian aging.
  • Circadian clocks, essential for physiology, evolved early and are complex in mammals, involving multiple oscillators and environmental cues.
  • Aging impairs circadian function, contributing to metabolic, cognitive, immune, and sleep issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interplay between circadian time and chronological time in aging.
  • To examine age-related changes in circadian rhythms and their molecular underpinnings.
  • To highlight potential chrono-geroprotective strategies based on circadian interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on circadian rhythms and aging.
  • Analysis of molecular crosstalk between clock genes and aging pathways.
  • Examination of species with negligible senescence and their circadian robustness.

Main Results:

  • Circadian function declines with age, correlating with aging hallmarks.
  • Species with negligible senescence often maintain robust circadian rhythms.
  • Molecular pathways link circadian regulation and aging processes.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian aging is an emerging concept linking biological rhythms and senescence.
  • Temporal homeostasis is a potential marker and modulator of healthy aging.
  • Circadian interventions show promise for enhancing healthspan and resilience.