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Hyponatremia-Long-Term Prognostic Factor for Nonfatal Pulmonary Embolism.
Anca Ouatu1,2, Madalina Stefana Mihai3, Daniela Maria Tanase1,2
1Faculty of General Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 4, 2021
Summary
Hyponatremia, or low serum sodium, is a significant negative prognostic factor in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). Both acquired and persistent hyponatremia are linked to increased mortality and recurrence rates in PE patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Hyponatremia is a recognized negative prognostic factor in various cardiovascular conditions.
- Growing interest exists in understanding the association between hyponatremia and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prognostic value of hyponatremia and sodium fluctuation patterns in patients with acute nonfatal pulmonary embolism.
- To determine the impact of hyponatremia on all-cause mortality and recurrence rates in PE patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 404 consecutive patients with confirmed acute nonfatal pulmonary embolism.
- Patients were categorized into four groups based on serum sodium fluctuation patterns.
- Analysis included all-cause mortality and PE recurrence rates, with serum sodium levels treated as a continuous variable.
Main Results:
- Patients with acquired and persistent hyponatremia exhibited significantly higher mortality rates compared to the normonatremia group (40.4% and 12.8% vs. 2%).
- Mean survival time was markedly reduced in patients with persistent hyponatremia (16.4 months) versus normonatremia (23.6 months).
- The acquired hyponatremia group showed the highest recurrence rates at 12 and 24 months (16.7% and 14.1%).
Conclusions:
- Serum sodium levels serve as a simple, cost-effective tool for assessing short- and long-term prognosis in acute pulmonary embolism patients.
- Hyponatremia is a critical indicator of poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism.
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