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This study shows that adding sludge to reconstructed mine substrates (RMS) effectively restores mining soil. The plant-microbe system with sludge significantly improves soil structure, organic carbon, and plant growth within years.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Mining activities lead to severe soil degradation, necessitating effective restoration strategies.
  • Reclaimed mine soils often exhibit poor structure, low organic matter, and reduced biological activity.
  • Developing sustainable methods for rapid soil recovery is crucial for ecosystem rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a plant-complex substrate-microbe ecological restoration system in reclaiming mining-affected soils.
  • To assess the long-term (10-year) impact of sludge amendment on reconstructed mine substrates (RMS).
  • To investigate the effects of sludge on plant growth, soil microbial activity, and soil structure.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-year field study was conducted using reconstructed mine substrates (RMS) amended with sludge.
  • Ryegrass was used as the indicator plant species.
  • Measurements included plant height, biomass, soil aggregate stability, soil organic carbon (SOC), light-fraction SOC (LFOC), and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP).

Main Results:

  • Ryegrass height and biomass increased significantly with reclamation time.
  • Sludge amendment enhanced aggregate binding agents and soil aggregate stability.
  • Soil organic carbon (SOC) and light-fraction SOC (LFOC) increased by 151% and 247%, respectively, in RMS compared to controls.
  • Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) levels also showed a similar positive trend.
  • Stable soil aggregate indexes improved up to the seventh year, with RMS properties becoming comparable to untreated soil after 3-7 years.

Conclusions:

  • The plant-complex substrate-microbe system, particularly with sludge amendment, effectively accelerates mining soil reclamation.
  • Increased SOC and GRSP levels driven by biological stimulation are key to restoring soil structure and ecosystem function.
  • This integrated approach offers a promising solution for early-stage mining soil restoration and ecological recovery.