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Equine maternal aging affects oocyte lipid content, metabolic function and developmental potential.

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Advanced maternal age in mares impairs oocyte and embryo metabolic function. This decline in metabolic activity, particularly in energy metabolism, may explain reduced fertility in older females.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Metabolomics
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Advanced maternal age is linked to decreased fertility and oocyte quality.
  • Metabolic function in aged mammalian oocytes and embryos remains understudied.
  • Equine aging provides a model to investigate reproductive metabolic decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of mare age on oocyte and early embryo metabolic function.
  • To investigate age-related changes in oocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number.
  • To analyze the relative abundance of energy metabolism-related metabolites in oocytes and cumulus cells.

Main Methods:

  • Collected oocytes and cumulus cells from young (≤14 years) and old (≥20 years) mares.
  • Utilized liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolite profiling.
  • Measured oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) using microsensors.

Main Results:

  • Oocytes from older mares had lower free fatty acid abundance compared to younger mares.
  • Reduced aerobic and anaerobic metabolic function was observed in oocytes and day-2 embryos from aged mares.
  • Oocytes from young mares showed significantly higher blastocyst development rates after sperm injection.

Conclusions:

  • Equine maternal aging negatively affects oocyte and embryo metabolic activity.
  • Metabolic dysfunction in aged oocytes contributes to impaired developmental competence.
  • These findings highlight a potential mechanism for reduced fertility in older females.