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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

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Associations between human leukocyte antigens and renal function.

Marcus Lowe1,2, Antony Payton3, Arpana Verma4

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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types impact kidney function, with 33 identified in a large UK Biobank study. Specific HLA types are linked to decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Nephrology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are implicated in renal function, but findings are inconsistent.
  • Previous research lacks consensus on the specific impact of HLA on kidney health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between imputed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types and kidney function.
  • To identify specific HLA types linked to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney disease risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UK Biobank data from 401,307 white British subjects.
  • Imputed HLA types using HLA*IMP:02 software.
  • Performed regression analysis comparing 362 imputed HLA types with eGFR and clinical indications.

Main Results:

  • Identified 33 imputed HLA types associated with kidney function in the study cohort.
  • 22 HLA types correlated with increased eGFR (improved renal function).
  • 11 HLA types correlated with decreased eGFR (impaired renal function), with 7 linked to increased risk of chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.

Conclusions:

  • Specific HLA types significantly influence kidney function and disease risk in white British subjects.
  • Linkage disequilibrium in HLA inheritance patterns suggests non-random effects, particularly in carriers of common haplotypes.
  • Findings have potential applications in diagnosing and treating renal diseases and improving global population health.