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Related Concept Videos

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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Chiral Single-Photon Generators.

Disheng Chen1, Ruihua He2, Hongbing Cai1

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, and The Photonics Institute and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371.

ACS Nano
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral photons offer robust data transmission for advanced information technologies. Future applications include single-photon devices and versatile information processing platforms.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and quantum information science.

Background:

  • Chiral photons exhibit unique properties for information technology applications.
  • Their robustness against noise and capacity for nonreciprocal propagation are key advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements in generating chiral single photons.
  • To explore future integration of chiral photons with optical elements for information processing.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of chiral single photons using circularly polarized light sources.
  • Review of current research and prospective technological integrations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of chiral photon generation using specific light sources.
  • Identification of potential for advanced optical devices.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral photons are promising for next-generation information technologies.
  • Integration with active optical elements can create versatile information processing platforms.