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Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Constructing Cylindrical Nanostructures Via Directional Morphology Evolution Induced by Seeded Polymerization.

Liangliang Shen1, Qunzan Lu2, Qiumeng Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|February 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Spindle-shaped block copolymer nanoparticles were used to create novel cylindrical nanostructures. This seeded polymerization method successfully generated nanorods through controlled polymer growth.

Keywords:
cylindrical nanostructuresdirectional morphology evolutionliquid-crystalline orderingpolymerization-induced self-assemblyseeded polymerizationspindle-shaped nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Block copolymer (BCP) nanoparticles offer unique self-assembly properties.
  • Controlled synthesis of nanostructures is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Liquid-crystalline blocks can influence nanoparticle morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for generating cylindrical nanostructures.
  • To investigate the use of spindle-shaped BCP nanoparticles in seeded polymerization.
  • To understand the mechanism of nanorod formation from BCP seeds.

Main Methods:

  • Seeded polymerization of methyl methacrylate using spindle-shaped BCP nanoparticles.
  • Utilizing semifluorinated liquid-crystalline blocks within the BCP core.
  • Employing amorphous coil-type polymers for chain extension.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of cylindrical nanostructures.
  • Demonstrated deformation, stretching, and directional growth of BCP seeds.
  • Formation of nanorods via controlled growth along the long axis.

Conclusions:

  • Spindle-shaped BCP nanoparticles are effective seeds for creating nanorods.
  • The seeded polymerization approach provides a novel route to cylindrical nanostructures.
  • Liquid-crystalline BCPs can direct nanoparticle morphology transformation.