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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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Linking EMT programmes to normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells.

Arthur W Lambert1, Robert A Weinberg2,3,4

  • 1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|February 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epithelial stem cells are vital for tissue repair. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program may link normal and cancer stem cells, impacting tissue regeneration and cancer metastasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Epithelial stem cells are crucial for tissue generation, maintenance, and repair via self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Cancer stem cells are implicated in the growth, progression, and recurrence of carcinomas.
  • The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is linked to the formation of both normal and neoplastic stem cells, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs and epithelial stem cells in normal and neoplastic contexts.
  • To examine the role of EMT in tissue regeneration, repair, and cancer stem cell biology.
  • To discuss the implications of EMT-generated cell states for cancer metastasis and pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on EMT and stem cell biology.
  • Analysis of evidence linking EMT to normal and cancer stem cell formation.
  • Discussion of emerging concepts regarding cell state plasticity driven by EMT.

Main Results:

  • EMT programs are implicated in the behavior of both normal and neoplastic epithelial stem cells.
  • EMT plays a role in tissue regeneration and repair processes.
  • EMT contributes to the heterogeneous and plastic cell states relevant to cancer stem cell biology and metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the links between EMT programs and stem cell states is crucial for advancing knowledge in both normal stem cell biology and cancer pathogenesis.
  • Further research into the elusive connections between EMT and stemness is needed.
  • EMT mechanisms offer insights into cancer progression, metastasis, and potential therapeutic strategies.