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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

255
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
255
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

127
A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

113
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
113
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

128
The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
128
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

415
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
415
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

283
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
283

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy.

Shannon M Bates1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|February 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism in pregnancy requires careful management, balancing maternal and fetal health. Low-molecular-weight heparin is the primary anticoagulant, with treatment extending postpartum.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Venous thromboembolism is a significant cause of maternal mortality in high-income nations.
  • Limited high-quality data exist for managing pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnant patients.
  • Managing PE in pregnancy is complex due to dual maternal and fetal well-being considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of pregnancy-associated pulmonary embolism.
  • To highlight current evidence and best practices for managing PE in the obstetric population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of diagnostic strategies including clinical prediction rules and D-dimer testing.

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  • Evaluation of anticoagulant therapies, including low-molecular-weight heparin and contraindications for direct oral anticoagulants.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical prediction rules and D-dimer testing may reduce the need for imaging in select cases.
    • Low-molecular-weight heparin is the recommended anticoagulant for prophylaxis and treatment.
    • Thrombolysis or embolectomy are options for hemodynamically unstable patients.
    • Treatment duration is at least 3 months, including 6 weeks postpartum.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy-associated PE management necessitates a multidisciplinary, individualized approach.
    • Shared decision-making is crucial, incorporating patient and caregiver values.
    • Anticoagulant management at delivery requires careful planning.