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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
102
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
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Updated: Nov 18, 2025

Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy – Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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COVID 19 infection: Pediatric perspectives.

Adebayo Adeyinka1, Keneisha Bailey1, Louisdon Pierre1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics The Brooklyn Hospital Center New York New York USA.

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open
|February 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 in children is often asymptomatic or mild, but infants under 12 months face higher risks. Diagnosis and treatment strategies, including oxygen therapy and management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), are crucial for pediatric care.

Keywords:
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)COVID‐19Pediatric Multi‐System Inflammatory Syndrome (MISC)SARS‐COV‐2Vasoactive‐Inotropic Score (VIS)steroid

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Viral Respiratory Illnesses
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents unique challenges in pediatric populations.
  • While most children experience mild or asymptomatic infections, infants and those with comorbidities are at higher risk for severe disease.
  • Understanding pediatric COVID-19 epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of COVID-19 in children.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches and common laboratory and imaging findings.
  • To review prevention strategies, treatment options, and the emerging entity of MIS-C.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines regarding pediatric COVID-19.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including NAAT (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2.
  • Examination of treatment modalities and supportive care measures.

Main Results:

  • Children, particularly infants, can develop severe COVID-19, necessitating specific management.
  • Laboratory findings may include leukopenia, lymphopenia, and elevated inflammatory markers.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a significant post-infectious complication requiring specialized care.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management, including supportive care and consideration of MIS-C, are essential for pediatric COVID-19 patients.
  • Vaccination is a key prevention strategy.
  • Further research is needed on long-term outcomes and specific pediatric therapeutics.