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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Sustainable green solvents for microextraction techniques: Recent developments and applications.

Eduardo Carasek1, Gabrieli Bernardi1, Diogo Morelli1

  • 1Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|February 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Green solvents like deep eutectic solvents (DES), switchable hydrophilicity solvents (SHS), and supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS) are revolutionizing analytical sample preparation for sustainability. These advanced solvents enable efficient extraction from various matrices, promoting greener experimental procedures.

Keywords:
Deep eutectic solventsHigh-throughputSample preparationSupramolecular solventsSwitchable hydrophilicity solvents

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Sample preparation is a critical step in analytical procedures, significantly impacting sustainability.
  • Traditional methods often involve hazardous organic solvents, posing environmental and health risks.
  • There is a growing need for eco-friendly alternatives in analytical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the theoretical aspects of novel green solvents: deep eutectic solvents (DES), switchable hydrophilicity solvents (SHS), and supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS).
  • To highlight recent applications of these solvents in extracting analytes from environmental, biological, and food samples.
  • To emphasize advancements in automated and high-throughput analytical procedures using these green solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on theoretical frameworks of DES, SHS, and SUPRAS.
  • Analysis of recent research publications showcasing applications in various matrices.
  • Evaluation of novel configurations for automated and high-throughput sample preparation.

Main Results:

  • DES, SHS, and SUPRAS offer promising alternatives to conventional solvents for sample preparation.
  • These solvents have demonstrated effectiveness in extracting diverse analytes from complex environmental, biological, and food matrices.
  • Emerging configurations facilitate more efficient, automated, and high-throughput analytical processes.

Conclusions:

  • The adoption of DES, SHS, and SUPRAS represents a significant trend towards sustainable analytical chemistry.
  • These green solvents enhance extraction efficiency and broaden applicability across different sample types.
  • Further critical evaluation of their green aspects and practical implementation is warranted.