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Risk Analysis Approaches to Evaluating Health Impacts from Land-Based Pollution in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Pamela R D Williams1, Katherine von Stackelberg2, Mayra Gabriela Guerra Lopez3

  • 1E Risk Sciences, LLP, Lafayette, CO, USA.

Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
|February 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Risk analysis can help manage land-based pollution in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). More research is needed to identify effective, feasible, and cost-efficient risk assessment and mitigation strategies for these unique contexts.

Keywords:
Burden of diseaseenvironmental contaminationlow- and middle-income countriesprecautionary principlepublic healthrisk assessmentvalue of information

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Risk Analysis
  • Public Policy

Background:

  • Land-based pollution from informal activities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) poses increasing health and economic risks.
  • Widespread contamination from sources like battery recycling and mining is poorly understood compared to high-income countries.
  • Lack of data hinders political prioritization and funding for pollution mitigation in LMICs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the applicability of risk analysis principles for land-based pollution in LMICs.
  • To advocate for increased research and awareness among risk analysts and decision-makers.
  • To highlight industries, knowledge gaps, and potential risk management approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Perspective piece analyzing the potential of risk analysis frameworks.
  • Identification of key polluting industries and activities in LMICs.
  • Discussion of knowledge and data gaps hindering comprehensive understanding.

Main Results:

  • Significant knowledge and data gaps exist regarding the scale of land-based pollution in LMICs.
  • Current understanding is insufficient for effective risk-based decision-making and mitigation.
  • Unique factors in LMICs necessitate tailored approaches to risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Risk analysis offers a promising framework for addressing land-based pollution in LMICs.
  • Further research is crucial to identify the most informative, feasible, and cost-effective methods.
  • Collaborative efforts between researchers, funders, and governments are essential for developing effective strategies.