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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Resolving trained immunity with systems biology.

Valerie A C M Koeken1,2,3, Reinout van Crevel1, Mihai G Netea1,4

  • 1Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trained immunity involves long-term immune cell reprogramming, enhancing responses after infection or vaccination. Systems biology approaches reveal its complex mechanisms for potential clinical applications.

Keywords:
data integrationinnate immunitymultiomicssystems biologytrained immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Systems Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Trained immunity is a form of innate immune memory, characterized by functional reprogramming of immune cells.
  • This reprogramming enhances responsiveness to subsequent stimuli, mediated by epigenetic and metabolic changes.
  • It can be induced by microbial components (e.g., β-glucan) or vaccinations (e.g., BCG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying trained immunity.
  • To describe integrated systems biology approaches for studying trained immunity.
  • To highlight the potential of trained immunity as a clinical tool.

Main Methods:

  • Integrating multi-omics data (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, microbiome).
  • Utilizing immune cell phenotyping and functional assays.
  • Applying experimental and computational techniques within a systems biology framework.

Main Results:

  • Trained immunity involves complex interplay between various molecular layers.
  • Systems biology enables understanding interindividual variations in trained immunity.
  • Specific molecular mechanisms can be elucidated through multi-omics integration.

Conclusions:

  • Trained immunity offers a novel way to regulate innate immune function.
  • Understanding its intricate mechanisms is key to future clinical translation.
  • Further research can unlock the therapeutic potential of trained immunity.