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Published on: September 15, 2023
Treatment of Oxidative Stress with Exosomes in Myocardial Ischemia
Yun Liu1, Mengxue Wang1, Yin Liang1
1Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
Insights
Exosomes show promise in treating oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury in coronary heart disease by enhancing endogenous antioxidants. This approach may offer advantages over traditional therapies for myocardial infarction.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Coronary artery thrombi cause ischemia and myocardial infarction (MI), with removal leading to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury due to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- Current treatments targeting oxidative stress (OS) with exogenous antioxidants are ineffective; enhancing endogenous antioxidant capacity is a promising alternative.
- Exosomes, as intercellular communication vesicles, are emerging as potential targeted carriers for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on the role of exosomes in regulating oxidative stress in coronary heart disease.
- To discuss the potential of exosomes as targeted carriers for modulating endogenous ROS generation.
- To compare exosome therapy with stem cell therapy and explore exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) for OS mitigation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on exosomes, oxidative stress, and coronary heart disease.
- Analysis of exosome composition and function in intercellular communication.
- Comparative assessment of exosome therapy versus stem cell therapy for cardiovascular applications.
Main Results:
- Exosomes are identified as key mediators in intercellular communication and material exchange, with significant roles in cardiovascular disease.
- The targeted delivery of therapeutic agents via exosomes offers a novel strategy to manage oxidative stress and I/R injury.
- Specific exosomal miRNAs show potential for combating oxidative stress in the context of coronary heart disease.
Conclusions:
- Exosomes represent a promising therapeutic platform for enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress in coronary heart disease.
- Exosome-based therapy may provide a more effective and targeted approach to managing ischemia-reperfusion injury compared to conventional methods.
- Further research into exosomal miRNAs could unlock new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract:
A thrombus in a coronary artery causes ischemia, which eventually leads to myocardial infarction (MI) if not removed. However, removal generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that damages the tissue and exacerbates the resulting MI. The mechanism of I/R injury is currently extensively understood. However, supplementation of exogenous antioxidants is ineffective against oxidative stress (OS). Enhancing the ability of endogenous antioxidants may be a more effective way to treat OS, and exosomes may play a role as targeted carriers. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles wrapped in biofilms which contain various complex RNAs and proteins. They are important intermediate carriers of intercellular communication and material exchange. In recent years, diagnosis and treatment with exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have gained considerable attention. Herein, we review the new findings of exosomes in the regulation of OS in coronary heart disease, discuss the possibility of exosomes as carriers for the targeted regulation of endogenous ROS generation, and compare the advantages of exosome therapy with those of stem-cell therapy. Finally, we explore several miRNAs found in exosomes against OS.
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