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Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
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Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
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Liquid chromatin Hi-C characterizes compartment-dependent chromatin interaction dynamics.

Houda Belaghzal1, Tyler Borrman2, Andrew D Stephens3

  • 1Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

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|February 12, 2021
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Summary

Nuclear compartmentalization relies on chromatin interactions. Liquid chromatin Hi-C reveals these interactions are stable above 10-25kb fragments, with dynamic differences between genomic regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear compartmentalization organizes active and inactive chromatin via microphase separation.
  • Interactions between similar chromatin loci drive this organization, but their dynamics remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and dynamics of locus-locus interactions in chromatin.
  • To map the stability of associations between genomic loci using a novel method.

Main Methods:

  • Development of liquid chromatin Hi-C technique.
  • Chromosomal fragmentation prior to Hi-C to reduce polymeric constraints.
  • Analysis of locus-locus interaction stabilities across different fragment sizes.

Main Results:

  • Chromatin compartmentalization remains stable for fragments larger than 10-25kb.
  • Fragmentation below 6kb leads to progressive loss of genome organization.
  • Lamin-associated domains exhibit the highest interaction stability, while speckle- and polycomb-associated loci show more dynamic interactions.
  • Cohesin-mediated loops are found to dissolve upon fragmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid chromatin Hi-C offers a genome-wide perspective on chromosome interaction dynamics.
  • Chromatin interaction stability is dependent on fragment size and locus type.
  • The study elucidates the dynamic nature of nuclear organization and the factors influencing it.