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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

224
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
224
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

184
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
184
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

146
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
146
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

99
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
99
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

145
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
145
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

122
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
122

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Review of Essential Cutaneous and Histological Findings.

Matthew A Heard1, Margaret C Green2, Michael Royer3

  • 1College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, USA.

Cureus
|February 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF), an autoimmune response to streptococcus infection, presents diverse symptoms making diagnosis challenging. Early recognition and detailed patient history are crucial for effective management and preventing rheumatic heart disease.

Keywords:
acute rheumatic feverdermatopathologyerythema marginatumgroup a streptococcusmigratory arthritissubcutaneous nodule

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatopathology

Background:

  • Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune sequela following group A Streptococcus infection.
  • Recognizing ARF is challenging due to its varied clinical presentations.

Observation:

  • This case underscores the diagnostic difficulties associated with ARF in contemporary medicine.
  • A detailed clinical history is essential for accurate dermatopathological assessment.

Findings:

  • The protean manifestations of ARF complicate its timely diagnosis.
  • Accurate diagnosis is critical for initiating appropriate management.

Implications:

  • Timely diagnosis and management of ARF are vital to prevent recurrence.
  • Secondary prophylaxis, such as benzathine penicillin, is crucial for mitigating rheumatic heart disease risk.
  • Effective communication between clinicians and dermatopathologists aids in diagnosing complex cases like ARF.