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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

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Ultra-low frequency dynamic strain detection with laser frequency drifting compensation based on a random fiber

Yuan Wang, Ping Lu, Stephen Mihailov

    Optics Letters
    |February 12, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a new method to overcome laser frequency drifting (LFD) in dynamic strain sensing. The technique enables precise monitoring of geological events like earthquakes and volcanic activity using optical fiber sensors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geophysics and Earth Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Dynamic strain sensing is crucial for monitoring geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
    • Laser frequency drifting (LFD) in phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) systems introduces noise, hindering accurate dynamic strain reconstruction.
    • Existing methods struggle with LFD, limiting sensing capabilities in the 0.01 to 20 Hz frequency range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a simple, effective method to monitor laser frequency variations.
    • To enable accurate dynamic strain sensing in the low-frequency range (0.01-20 Hz) by compensating for LFD.
    • To improve the performance of distributed strain sensing systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration of a referenced random fiber grating method.

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  • Utilizing the referenced portion of the sensing signal to monitor laser frequency variations from a distributed feedback (DFB) laser.
  • Employing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhanced Rayleigh traces from random fiber gratings.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully monitored frequency variations of a DFB laser with MHz linewidth over 200 s data acquisition time.
    • Reconstructed dynamic strain variations at 1 Hz and 0.01 Hz with an amplitude of 30 µε and a standard deviation of 66 nε.
    • Achieved a minimum detectable frequency drifting of 7.28 MHz over an optical frequency of 2×1014 Hz.

    Conclusions:

    • The referenced random fiber grating method effectively compensates for LFD in dynamic strain sensing.
    • This technique significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of low-frequency dynamic strain measurements.
    • The developed method holds promise for improved monitoring of geological activities and subsurface formations.