The role of individual neuron ion conductances in the synchronization processes of neuron networks

The partial phase synchronization (sometimes called cooperation) of neurons is fundamental for the understanding of the complex behavior of the brain. The lack or the excess of synchronization can generate brain disorders like Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. The phase synchronization phenomenon is strongly related to the regular or chaotic dynamics of individual neurons. The individual dynamics themselves are a function of the ion channel conductances, turning the conductances into important players in the process of neuron synchronized health depolarization/repolarization processes. It is well known that many diseases are related to alterations of the ion-channel conductance properties. To normalize their functioning, drugs are used to block or activate specific channels, changing their conductances. We investigate the synchronization process of a Hodgkin-Huxley-type neural network as a function of the values of the individual neuron conductances, showing the dynamics of the neurons must be taken into account in the synchronization process. Particular sets of conductances lead to non-chaotic individual neuron dynamics allowing synchronization states for very weak coupling and resulting in a non-monotonic transition to synchronized states, as the coupling strength among neurons is varied. On the other hand, a monotonic transition to synchronized states is observed for individual chaotic dynamics of the neurons. We conclude the analysis of the individual dynamics of isolated neurons allows the prediction of the synchronization process of the network. We provide alternative ways to achieve the desired network state (phase synchronized or desynchronized) without any changes in the synaptic current of neurons but making just small changes in the neuron ion-channel conductances. The mechanism behind the control is the close relation between ion-channel conductance and the regular or chaotic dynamics of neurons. Finally, we show that by changing at least two conductances simultaneously the control may be much more efficient since the second conductance makes the synchronization possible just by performing a small change in the first. The study presented here may have an impact on new drug development research.