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Updated: Aug 12, 2026
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Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Nonfatal venous air embolism after contrast-enhanced CT
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0084.
Radiology
|May 1, 1988
Summary
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in 100 patients revealed venous air embolism in 23%. Minimal embolism occurred, with no complications, highlighting the need for caution in high-risk patients.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Vascular Imaging
Background:
- Venous air embolism is a potential complication during contrast-enhanced procedures.
- Understanding the incidence and severity of air embolism is crucial for patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of venous air embolism during contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).
- To assess the clinical significance of air embolism in this context.
Main Methods:
- Contrast-enhanced CT was performed on 100 patients.
- A specific protocol involving hand injection and drip infusion of contrast material was used.
- Incidence and location of venous air embolism were documented.
Main Results:
- Venous air embolism occurred in 23% of patients.
- The majority of emboli were minimal (20 patients), with three moderate cases.
- No immediate or delayed complications were observed in any patient.
- Emboli were found in various locations, including subclavian/axillary veins, brachiocephalic veins, internal jugular vein, superior vena cava, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery.
Conclusions:
- Contrast-enhanced CT using the described protocol resulted in a 23% incidence of venous air embolism, predominantly minimal.
- The observed minimal air embolism did not lead to clinical complications in this cohort.
- Extreme caution is advised in high-risk patients to prevent cerebral air embolism and potential neurologic deficits.
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