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Autophagy

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...

Studying the Cytoskeleton

Studying the Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous LC3 by On-Section Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy

Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous LC3 by On-Section Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 31, 2023

The autophagy research in electron microscopy.

Minkyo Jung¹, Hyosun Choi², Ji Young Mun³

¹Neural circuit research group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea.

Applied Microscopy

|February 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy is a cellular recycling process vital for survival. This review examines electron microscopy studies to understand autophagy

Keywords:

Autophagic flux CLEM Cryo-EM Electron microscopy Immuno-gold

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Last Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous LC3 by On-Section Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy

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Published on: March 31, 2023

Quantitative Analysis of Autophagy using Advanced 3D Fluorescence Microscopy

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Published on: May 3, 2013

Cecal Ligation and Puncture-induced Sepsis as a Model To Study Autophagy in Mice

Cecal Ligation and Puncture-induced Sepsis as a Model To Study Autophagy in Mice

Published on: February 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Autophagy is a fundamental eukaryotic cellular process responsible for recycling cellular components.
Proper autophagy function is crucial for maintaining cell health and survival.
Defects in autophagy are implicated in the development of various human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize findings from morphological studies of autophagy.
To highlight the contribution of electron microscopy in elucidating autophagy mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature focusing on electron microscopy-based studies of autophagy.
Analysis of morphological data to understand the stages and structures of autophagy.

Main Results:

Electron microscopy provides critical ultrastructural insights into the autophagic pathway.
Morphological studies have identified key organelles and structures involved in autophagosome formation and cargo sequestration.
Visualizing autophagy dynamics through electron microscopy aids in understanding its role in cellular homeostasis.

Conclusions:

Morphological studies, particularly those employing electron microscopy, are indispensable for understanding the intricate process of autophagy.
Further ultrastructural investigations can deepen our comprehension of autophagy's role in health and disease.