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Related Concept Videos

Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

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In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

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Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Liquid electron microscopy: then, now and future.

Anahita Vispi Bharda1, Hyun Suk Jung2

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea.

Applied Microscopy
|February 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liquid Electron Microscopy (EM) offers near-atomic resolution imaging for solvated systems across biology, chemistry, and materials science. This review summarizes its basics, applications, technical progress, and future advancements.

Keywords:
Electron microscopyLiquid-phaseNanoparticleSTEMTEM

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Biological Sciences

Background:

  • Microscopic imaging in liquid environments is crucial for understanding dynamic processes.
  • Electron Microscopy (EM) is a powerful technique for high-resolution structural and functional characterization.
  • Liquid-based EM modalities have advanced significantly, offering insights into diverse research areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the fundamentals of liquid electron microscopy.
  • To present examples of its applications in various scientific fields.
  • To discuss technical developments, advantages, limitations, and future outlook.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and technical developments in liquid electron microscopy.
  • Compilation of application examples across biological, chemical, nanoparticle, and material research.
  • Analysis of technical advancements and comparison with alternative imaging methods.

Main Results:

  • Liquid EM provides near-atomic resolution imaging of samples in their native liquid state.
  • It is a versatile tool applicable to biological, chemical, and materials science research.
  • Significant technical progress has been made, enhancing its capabilities and applications.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid electron microscopy is a key analytical tool for studying solvated systems.
  • Continued technical advancements are expected to further expand its utility and impact.
  • Understanding experimental limitations is crucial for future development and application of liquid EM.