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Olfaction

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Published on: October 2, 2017

Binary mixture quantification using cell-based odor biosensor system with active sensing.

Yuji Sukekawa¹, Hidefumi Mitsuno², Ryohei Kanzaki²

¹Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology (FIRST), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics

|February 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel cell-based odor sensor array using insect olfactory receptors. The active sensing method accurately quantifies odorant concentrations, even with fluctuating responses.

Keywords:

Active sensing Cell-based sensor Image processing Odor biosensor Quantification

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Last Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

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Published on: October 2, 2017

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

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Published on: April 23, 2019

Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization

Electroantennography-based Bio-hybrid Odor-detecting Drone using Silkmoth Antennae for Odor Source Localization

Published on: August 27, 2021

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Biosensor technology
Olfactory receptor research

Background:

Organisms use numerous olfactory receptors to detect environmental odorants.
Existing odor biosensors aim to replicate this natural olfactory mechanism.
Insect olfactory receptors exhibit nonlinear characteristics crucial for odor sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify odorant concentrations using a cell-based sensor array.
To investigate the application of insect olfactory receptors in biosensors.
To develop an active sensing method for relative odorant concentration determination.

Main Methods:

Utilized a sensor array of cell-based odor sensors expressing insect olfactory receptors.
Employed an active sensing method comparing target and prepared odorant responses.
Integrated a real-time reference method for continuous measurement.
Focused on quantifying single or binary component odorant concentrations.

Main Results:

Successfully determined relative odorant concentrations despite response fluctuations and cell variations.
Confirmed the feasibility of an algorithm for optimal relative odorant concentration identification.
Demonstrated proof of concept for quantifying simple odorant mixtures.

Conclusions:

The developed active sensing method shows promise for accurate odorant quantification.
This approach can overcome challenges like response variability in odor biosensors.
The study provides foundational insights for developing advanced active sensing odor biosensors.