Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Polyaniline-Supported Atomic-Level Pt and Pt-Au Clusters as Catalytic Electrodes in Propanol Oxidation.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Exploring the effects of olfactory VR on visuospatial memory and cognitive processing in older adults.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Recent Advances in SAW Sensors for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers.

Biosensors·2025

Same author

Automatic scent creation by cheminformatics method.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Biosensors for Odor Detection: A Review.

Biosensors·2023

Same author

Active Tracking of Temporally Changing Gas-Phase Odor Mixture Using an Array of Cells Expressing Olfactory Receptors.

Analytical chemistry·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Using Insect Electroantennogram Sensors on Autonomous Robots for Olfactory Searches

Using Insect Electroantennogram Sensors on Autonomous Robots for Olfactory Searches

Published on: August 4, 2014

Overview of AI-Based Scent Creation.

Takamichi Nakamoto¹, Manuel Aleixandre¹

¹Institute of Integrated Research (llR), Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 4, 2026

Summary

Researchers are developing methods to translate detected scents into language and create new odors. This involves using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence to generate scent recipes for olfactory displays.

Keywords:

deep neural network diffusion model mass spectrum natural language processing odor descriptor odor reproduction olfactory display optimization scent creation

More Related Videos

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display

Published on: November 14, 2018

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Published on: February 13, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Using Insect Electroantennogram Sensors on Autonomous Robots for Olfactory Searches

Using Insect Electroantennogram Sensors on Autonomous Robots for Olfactory Searches

Published on: August 4, 2014

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display

Enhancement Method of Surface Acoustic Wave-Atomizer Efficiency for Olfactory Display

Published on: November 14, 2018

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Sampling and Analysis of Animal Scent Signals

Published on: February 13, 2021

Area of Science:

Computational chemistry
Sensory science
Artificial intelligence

Background:

Electronic noses (e-nose) have long been used for odor classification and quantification.
The next frontier is expressing detected scents linguistically and creating novel odors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methods for mapping molecular parameters, mass spectra, and sensor responses to language.
To explore techniques for transforming linguistic scent descriptions into sensory data.
To present the latest advancements in scent creation technology.

Main Methods:

Review of methods mapping molecular data and sensor responses to linguistic expressions.
Utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) for scent-to-language translation.
Employing optimization-based and generative AI-based approaches to determine scent mixture recipes.
Utilizing olfactory displays for odor generation.

Main Results:

Established methods for translating complex scent data into understandable language.
Demonstrated the feasibility of generating specific odor mixtures based on linguistic descriptions.
Highlighted the role of AI in optimizing scent composition.

Conclusions:

Bridging the gap between scent detection and linguistic expression is achievable.
Artificial intelligence offers powerful tools for both analyzing and creating scents.
Olfactory displays are advancing the field of artificial scent generation.