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The temporal pole: From anatomy to function-A literature appraisal
Bastien Herlin1, Vincent Navarro2, Sophie Dupont3
1APHP Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles-Foix, Epileptology Unit, Paris, France.
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
|February 14, 2021
Summary
The temporal pole, historically known as Brain Area 38, is involved in complex cognitive functions like object recognition and memory. Understanding its roles aids in diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Neuroanatomy
Background:
- The anterior temporal lobe, historically termed Brain Area 38 or Temporopolar Area TG, had unknown functions.
- Recent research suggests subregions within the temporal pole with distinct cytoarchitecture and connectivity.
- Growing evidence links the temporal pole to diverse cognitive functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anatomical and histological structure of the temporal pole.
- To provide an overview of the established functions of the temporal pole.
- To synthesize current knowledge on temporal pole roles in cognition and disease.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of 112 articles.
- Analysis of studies published up to September 30, 2020.
- Synthesis of findings on temporal pole structure, function, and clinical relevance.
Main Results:
- The temporal pole is associated with complex visual processing, including object and face recognition.
- It plays a role in autobiographical memory, naming, and semantic processing across modalities.
- Socio-emotional processing is also linked to temporal pole function in healthy and clinical populations.
Conclusions:
- Temporal pole dysfunction is implicated in various neurological and psychiatric diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders.
- Understanding temporal pole functions and lesion-associated symptoms aids in diagnosing challenging conditions.
- This review highlights the critical, multifaceted role of the temporal pole in human cognition.
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