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Related Concept Videos

Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

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Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
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Bus Impedance Matrix01:24

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Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
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The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem01:20

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Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
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Impedances and Admittance01:23

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In the realm of AC circuits, passive circuit elements like resistors, inductors, and capacitors take on a different character when characterized by phasor voltage and current. Their behavior is expressed through impedance, a vital concept in AC circuit analysis.
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When current flow is opposed in a DC or AC circuit, it is referred to as resistance or impedance, respectively. Impedance plays a key role in determining the performance of AC circuits. It is represented by Z, which is a combination of resistance and reactance, and depends upon the angular frequency, measured in ohms.
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When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

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On Sensitivity in Transfer Impedance Measurements.

Fred J Pettersen1,2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance
|February 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sensitivity in volume impedance measurements is often misused and misinterpreted. A new parameter, perceptivity, is proposed for better system characterization and objective comparison.

Keywords:
Bioimpedanceperceptivitysensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Impedance Tomography
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The term 'sensitivity' is frequently misused in the context of volume impedance measurements.
  • This ambiguity can lead to misinterpretations of measurement data and system capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critique the current use of 'sensitivity' in volume impedance measurements.
  • To propose a more precise and useful quantity for characterizing measurement systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the term 'sensitivity' and its common misapplications.
  • Introduction and definition of a new parameter: 'perceptivity'.

Main Results:

  • Volume impedance density is identified as a more appropriate and informative quantity.
  • Perceptivity is demonstrated as a valuable tool for objective system comparison and specification.

Conclusions:

  • Shifting focus from 'sensitivity' to 'volume impedance density' and 'perceptivity' will improve clarity and accuracy.
  • The proposed parameter 'perceptivity' offers a standardized method for evaluating and comparing impedance measurement systems.